In a year, the life activity of fruit trees shows a certain law with seasonal changes, which is called fruit tree phenology. Can be divided into nutritional period and dormant period. The phenology of different varieties and tree species are different. Understanding and grasping the phenology of fruit trees and the internal and external conditions required for their normal operation are important basis for fruit tree regionalization planning and scientific management measures for fruit trees.

Infancy

From bud sprout to bud extension or young leaves separated.

In most places, deciduous fruit trees require an average daily temperature of more than 5 ° C. When the soil temperature reaches 7 to 8 ° C, it takes 10 to 15 days to germinate.

The management measures are: watering, top dressing, re-cutting, spraying, opening branches, etc.

Flowering period

From the loosening of the buds to the petals falling off, the flowering period is usually divided into the first flowering period (5% of the whole tree), the flowering period (25-75% of the whole tree), and the final flowering period. (The whole tree flower has been fully opened and some petals have begun to fall off).

There are three methods of pollination and solidity: self-pollination and strong cross-pollination, and parthenocarpy.

Management measures include: artificial pollination, boron spray and nitrogen supplementation.

New shoot growth and fruit development

This period is about 30 to 45 days from the time of flowering to the time of slow growth or stop growth.

(1) New shoot growth period

A. Lengthened growth: The length of the meristem cells at the top growth point of the new shoot continues to divide and elongate, which causes the length to increase. Generally, it begins to grow, grows vigorously, grows slowly and stops.

B. Bold growth: The trunk thickens continuously due to the differentiation and enlargement of the forming layer cells, which generally starts later than the lengthened growth. Generally, the growth peaks are not increased twice in the spring and in the autumn.

(2) Young fruit development period

With the growth of new shoots, the young fruit also began to expａnd in volume after pollination and fertilization for about 3 to 4 weeks. It is mainly the division of cells, and the number is constantly increasing, which is the first critical period for growing into commercial fruit.

(3) Characteristics of fruit tree growth in this period

This period is a key period in the annual cycle of fruit trees, because vegetative growth and fruition occur simultaneously. Once insufficient nutrients and water supply occur, they will lead to fierce competition for survival. The result is often a large number of young fruit shedding Production is called physiological fruit drop, so this period is called the critical period for fruit trees to require fertilizer and water.

(4) Ction measures

Topdressing and irrigation, controlling pests, spraying growth regulators and trace elements, fruit bagging.

Flower bud differentiation

From early to mid-June to mid-September, the time is longer about 2 to 4 months. 

(1) Concept:

The transformation from the physiological state and tissue state of leaf buds to the physiological state and tissue state of flower buds is called flower bud differentiation. The process of growing points from the physiological state of leaf buds to the physiological state of flower buds is called physiological differentiation of flower buds. The formation of flower organs is called flower bud morphological differentiation.

(2) Flower bud differentiation period:

Most deciduous fruit trees are only carried out once a year, such as apples in June-July, pears in June-August, peaches in July-August, and grapes in May. If the conditions are suitable after 15 days of fruit picking, continuous differentiation is possible. For example, apples are from 1 to 7 weeks, and most of them are from 4 weeks, starting from mid-May to mid-September, peaches are from mid-June to August, and walnuts are from June to July.

(3) Ction measures:

Ring peeling and ring cutting, spraying of growth regulators, nitrogen and water control, prevention and control of diseases and insects.

Zhengzhou Delong Chemical CO., Ltd. is the production base of plant growth regulators in China, which established in 2009, specializing in offering plant protection products. If you have any question, contact us any time.